Scientific exploration into the applicability of nanotechnology suggests that the quest for nanominerals may revolutionize the mining industry. Nanominerals are sub-micron deposits of precious metals (such as gold). The science of nanominerals is the development of engineering processes that detect and extract these minerals.

The process of mining nanominerals involves the use of electron microscopes to find trace deposits of gold, sub-micron (nano) deposits hidden in a coating which acts like a refractory shell. This coating prevents easy detection and extraction by the standard assay methods used in mining (e.g. fire assay, aqua regia leach, neutron activation analysis, etc). However, in recent years, scientists and mining engineers have developed methods to both find and extract nanominerals. One example is the founder and Chairman of Nanominerals Corp, Chuck Ager, whose team of engineers and scientists discovered gold in the Delgratia Project of Nevada using patented, breakthrough technologies in the nano-Exploration and nano-Metallurgy.

Other leaders in nanomineral discovery include the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australia’s national science agency and one of the largest and most diverse research agencies in the world. In June 2008, CSIRO released the following press release:

CSIRO scientist discovers natural ‘invisible’ gold

Nanoparticles of gold too small to be seen with the naked eye have been created in laboratories, but up until now, have never been seen in nature.

23 June 2008

The search for these natural but ‘invisible’ nanoparticles is important. If they can be proved to exist, the knowledge will help give us a deeper understanding of how gold can be transported and deposited by geological processes, and therefore help explorers to find new gold deposits in Australia.

Now, hard evidence that gold nanoparticles have finally been seen in nature is presented in a paper published in GEOLOGY and authored by CSIRO Scientists from the Minerals Down Under National Research Flagship and CRC LEME, in collaboration with scientists from Curtin University and the University of Western Australia.

Lead author, CSIRO’s Dr Rob Hough, explains that the particles were discovered in Western Australia. “In the southern areas of the State, groundwater is very salty and acidic. This water dissolves primary gold and re-deposits it as pure gold crystals on fracture surfaces and in open pore spaces,” he says.

“On investigation of these crystals, there appeared to be a dark band across them. However, high magnification imaging showed the band was in fact, a mass of gold nanoparticles and nanoplates. These are identical to those being manufactured in laboratories around the world for their unique properties.”

Clays from the fracture surface were then analysed. There was no gold visible, but analysis showed the clays contained up to 59 parts-per-million of gold. The research team concluded that the nanoparticles of gold they had imaged represented the ‘invisible’ gold in the clay, and that this nanosized gold was common in similar environments.

“The gold nanoparticles have not been identified earlier because they are transparent to electron beams and effectively invisible,” Dr Hough says. “However, they are probably a common form of gold in this type of natural environment worldwide, where saline water interacts with gold deposits. They also provide the first direct observation of the nanoscale mobility of gold during weathering.”

With gold fetching around (AU) $950 an ounce and expected to rise, this research is good news for Australia’s gold explorers.

Further information about CSIRO’s Nanomineral exploration

Additional Information and Resource

Research report for Nanominerals, including Chuck Ager and CSIRO.

More about Dr. Charles Ager.

More about CISRO.

More about Chuck Ager as a leader in tech as well as Chuck Ager’s corporation as a tech business.

Publications for CSIRO.

Exploration and mining information for CSIRO.

Publications for Chuck Ager.